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 Smoking Still Causes Lung Cancer in Indonesia

Smoking is the cause of a high incidence of lung cancer in Indonesia. Lung cancer screening in at-risk groups

i.e. smokers,is recommended. However, smoking cessation remains the most important preventive measure.

"The most common cancer in Singapore is colon cancer (colon). The number of lung cancers continues to decline

though, as the number of smokers in Singapore continues to fall. Unlike Indonesia, the number of lung cancers is very

high and is dominated by male smokers," Dr. Wong Siew Wei, oncologist and senior medica

l advisor at the Parkway Cancer Center in Singapore,

According to Globocan 2020 data, the number of cancer cases in Indonesia reached 398,914:cases breast cancer ranked first with 16.6% or 65,856 cases; cervical cancer second with 9.2% or 36,633

cancer third with 8.8% or 34,783 cases; followed by colon cancer 8.6%

or 34, Lung cancer was third with 8.8% or 34,783 cases, followed by colorectal cancer with 8.6% or

34,189 cases, and liver cancer with 5.4% or 21,392 cases. Watch

According to Dr. Wong, the high number of lung cancer patients in Indonesia is due to smoking."

Smoking, including secondhand smoke, is the biggest risk factor for lung cancer. In Indonesia,

cigarettes are cheap. In Singapore, cigarettes are expensive,"says Dr. Wong,

a graduate of the University of Melbourne, Australia.

Dr. Wong explained that the lifetime lung cancer risk for heavy smokers is 30%. Alternatives

such as cigars, filter cigarettes, and low-tar cigarettes can cause lung cancer as well. Other lung

cancer risk factors include asbestos, radon, air pollution, diesel and coal emissions.

Is lung cancer inherited? Not according to Dr. Wong. Dr. Wong explains, "Clusters of lung cancer

have been identified in some families, but no specific genetic mutations that are have been reported."

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Dr. Wong noted that large clinical trials of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in smokers

with a history of smoking 30 or more packs per year and recent smokers have shown a 20-26%

reduction in lung cancer mortality.

Based on these trials, several countries have adopted LDCT for lung cancer screening in the at-risk

group of smokers." Smoking cessation remains the most important preventive measure,Dr. Wong emphasized.

Major Causes of Death

According to Dr. Wong, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, and in 2/3 of cases

, it is detected at an advanced stage." Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in cancer

because of its progressive nature.

Lung cancer caused by smoking, in particular, is very progressive. When it is advanced,

life expectancy is only four to five months," says Dr. Wong.Mau tau lagi

Symptoms of lung cancer include recurrent pneumonia, hematemesis, chest pain, shortness of breath

, hoarseness, and unwanted weight loss, Dr. Wong explains.

Parkway Cancer Center detects whether a lung cancer patient has non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or

small cell lung cancer (SCLC), Dr. Wong says.Treatment for NSCLC varies widely depending on the stage of

the cancer, the patient's general condition and lung reserve, and can include surgery, radiation therapy,

systemic therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and others. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), on the

other hand, can be treated with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Minimally invasive techniques with smaller incisions, such as video-assisted and robotic-assisted thoracic

surgery, are increasingly being adopted because they reduce pain, blood loss, hospital stays, and recovery time,

" Dr. Wong said.